For moulding experiments I identified a number of moulding clays which I think could be used as both the material being cast and as the material to hold the impression. Commercial products included air-drying clay, polymer clay (Fimo), modroc.
I also researched homemade dough options and found a selection of ‘playdough’ type recipes and salt dough.
http://fun.familyeducation.com/sculpting/recipes/37040.html